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RP2040 Microcontroller
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The RP2040 is Raspberry Pi's first microcontroller chip, featuring dual ARM Cortex-M0+ cores running at up to 133 MHz. Built on a 40 nm process in a compact ...
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The RP2040 is Raspberry Pi's first microcontroller chip, featuring dual ARM Cortex-M0+ cores running at up to 133 MHz. Built on a 40 nm process in a compact 7 × 7 mm QFN-56 package, it delivers high performance at low cost for embedded applications.
With 264 KB of on-chip SRAM across six independent banks and a fully connected bus fabric, both cores and DMA engines can operate in parallel without contention. The RP2040 requires an external flash chip for code storage, giving designers flexibility over memory capacity.
Key Features
- Dual Cortex-M0+ Cores – Up to 133 MHz clock speed
- 264 KB SRAM – Six independent banks for contention-free parallel access
- Flexible I/O – 30 GPIO pins, including 4 analogue inputs (ADC)
- Programmable I/O (PIO) – 8 state machines across 2 PIO blocks for custom peripherals
- USB 1.1 – Host and device support with internal PHY
- Serial Interfaces – 2× UART, 2× SPI, 2× I²C
- 16× PWM Channels – Hardware pulse-width modulation
- DMA Controller – Offload data transfers from the CPU cores
- On-Chip Voltage Regulator – 1.8–3.3 V I/O with 1.1 V core supply
Specifications
- Processor – Dual ARM Cortex-M0+ at up to 133 MHz
- SRAM – 264 KB (6 banks)
- Flash – External (not included on chip)
- GPIO – 30 multi-function pins
- ADC – 4-channel, 12-bit
- Process – 40 nm
- Package – QFN-56, 7 × 7 mm
Ideal For
- Custom embedded designs and PCB projects
- IoT devices and sensor nodes
- Motor and actuator control
- Custom peripheral interfaces via PIO
Package Contents
- 1× RP2040 microcontroller IC
Resources
Jargon buster
Plain-language definitions for the technical terms used above.
- ADC
- An analogue-to-digital converter reads a changing voltage and turns it into a number the microcontroller can use. It matters when connecting analogue sensors such as light, sound, or variable-resistor sensors.
- GPIO
- General-purpose input/output pins are microcontroller pins you can set in software to read signals, switch devices on and off, or connect to peripherals. The number of GPIO pins matters because it limits how many buttons, LEDs, sensors, and other parts you can wire directly to the board.
- IoT
- Short for Internet of Things, meaning physical devices that connect to networks or the internet to send data or be controlled remotely. It matters if you want projects such as connected sensors, remote controls or classroom data-logging activities.
- microcontroller
- A microcontroller is a small computer on a single chip that runs a stored program and controls connected inputs and outputs such as buttons, sensors, displays and communication interfaces. In a device built around one, it is the part that executes the code and coordinates the device's behaviour.
- PCB
- A printed circuit board (PCB) is a board, usually rigid, with etched copper tracks that connect electronic components together without loose wiring. Components are mounted on the board and signals route between them through the copper layout.
- PWM
- Pulse Width Modulation is a way for a digital pin to simulate variable output power by switching on and off very quickly. It matters for controlling things like LED brightness, motor speed, or servo-style signals from a microcontroller pin.
- RP2040
- The RP2040 is a dual-core Arm Cortex-M0+ microcontroller chip from Raspberry Pi, used on many maker boards and offering programmable I/O, multiple GPIO pins and reasonable processing speed. Code and accessories built for that chip should work where RP2040 compatibility is listed, though demanding tasks such as reading a camera can require careful pin allocation and timing.
- SPI
- A fast serial communication bus often used for displays, memory cards, and sensors. It matters because SPI devices need specific pins for clock and data, plus a separate chip-select line for each device.
- SRAM
- Fast temporary memory used by a processor while a program is running. More SRAM helps with projects that handle larger data buffers, networking, displays, or more complex code.
- Torque
- A twisting force that causes something to rotate, usually measured in newton-metres or kilogram-centimetres. It matters when choosing motors, servos, gears, and tools because higher torque is needed to lift heavier loads, turn larger wheels, or move mechanisms without stalling.
- UART
- UART is a simple asynchronous serial interface that sends data over separate transmit and receive wires, usually labelled TX and RX, with both ends set to the same baud rate. It is a common way for microcontrollers and other serial devices to exchange data.
- USB 1.1
- USB 1.1 is an older USB standard with much slower data transfer than USB 2.0 and later versions. Compatibility with it allows connection to very old computers, though data-heavy tasks such as video may be limited at that speed.
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