Metal Gearmotor with Encoder - 12V (9.7:1)

Jargon buster

Plain-language definitions for the technical terms used above.

closed-loop control

Closed-loop control means the system uses feedback, such as motor position or speed, to adjust its output automatically. This matters because it can keep a motor moving accurately even when the load changes, unlike simple open-loop control.

DC

DC means direct current, where electricity flows in one constant direction, as supplied by batteries, USB ports and many plug-pack power supplies. When a product specifies DC, it runs from a DC supply rather than mains AC, so you need to provide the correct voltage and polarity.

encoder

An encoder is a sensor that converts the rotation or position of a shaft, knob or dial into electrical signals, reporting movement as incremental steps and direction, or as an absolute position. It is used to track how far something has turned, which matters for precise positioning, speed control, repeatable movement, or using a rotary knob as an input.

kg·cm

A torque unit often used for hobby servos, meaning how many kilograms of force the servo can hold at a 1 cm arm length. A higher kg·cm rating means the servo can move or hold heavier loads, but power supply current needs may also increase.

Torque

A twisting force that causes something to rotate, usually measured in newton-metres or kilogram-centimetres. It matters when choosing motors, servos, gears, and tools because higher torque is needed to lift heavier loads, turn larger wheels, or move mechanisms without stalling.

VCC

VCC is the positive power-supply connection on a chip or module. Connecting it to the correct supply voltage is needed for the part to power on and helps avoid damaging the electronics.