Elecrow
433Mhz Serial RF Module HC-12 (1000M)
The HC-12 is a multi-channel embedded wireless serial port module operating in the 433.4–473.0 MHz band. With up to 100 mW (20 dBm) transmit power and −117 d...
The HC-12 is a multi-channel embedded wireless serial port module operating in the 433.4–473.0 MHz band. With up to 100 mW (20 dBm) transmit power and −117 dBm receiving sensitivity, it achieves communication distances of up to 1,000 metres in open space at 5,000 bps air baud rate.
A built-in MCU handles all RF protocol processing, allowing transparent serial data transmission — simply send data to the module's UART and it appears at the other end. Configuration is done via AT commands, with three operating modes (FU1, FU2, FU3) offering different power/speed trade-offs. A minimum of two modules is required for communication.
Key Features
- 1,000 m Range – Open-space communication at 5,000 bps air baud rate
- 100 Channels – 433.4–473.0 MHz with 400 kHz channel spacing
- Transparent Serial Transmission – Built-in MCU handles RF protocol; no external programming required
- UART/TTL Interface – Serial baud rates from 1.2 kbps to 115.2 kbps (default 9.6 kbps)
- Adjustable TX Power – 8 power levels from −1 dBm to +20 dBm (100 mW max)
- Three Operating Modes – FU1 (80 µA idle), FU2 (3.6 mA idle), FU3 (16 mA idle) for power/performance trade-offs
- Wide Supply Voltage – 3.2–5.5V DC, compatible with both 3.3V and 5V microcontrollers
- AT Command Configuration – Set channel, baud rate, power level, and operating mode
- No Packet Size Limit – Unlimited bytes per transmission
- Wide Temperature Range – −40°C to +85°C
Specifications
- Frequency Range: 433.4–473.0 MHz (100 channels)
- Supply Voltage: 3.2–5.5V DC
- Communication Distance: Up to 1,000 m (open space)
- Serial Baud Rate: 1.2–115.2 kbps (default 9.6 kbps)
- Receiving Sensitivity: −117 dBm to −100 dBm
- Transmit Power: −1 dBm to +20 dBm (8 levels)
- Max TX Current: 100 mA
- Interface: UART/TTL
- Operating Temperature: −40°C to +85°C
- Dimensions: 27.8 × 14.4 × 4 mm
Ideal For
- Long-range wireless sensor networks
- Remote data logging and telemetry
- Arduino and microcontroller wireless serial links
- Home automation and IoT gateways
- Replacing wired serial connections over distance
Package Contents
- 1× HC-12 433 MHz Serial RF Module
Jargon buster
Plain-language definitions for the technical terms used above.
- baud
- Baud is the signalling rate of a serial connection, often used as the speed setting for UART communication. Matching the baud rate matters because both connected devices must use the same setting for readable data.
- IoT
- Short for Internet of Things, meaning physical devices that connect to networks or the internet to send data or be controlled remotely. It matters if you want projects such as connected sensors, remote controls or classroom data-logging activities.
- microcontroller
- A microcontroller is a small computer on a chip that runs your program and controls connected inputs and outputs. For this product, it is the part that reads buttons and sensors, drives the display and speaker, and communicates over Bluetooth.
- RF
- RF means radio frequency, referring to signals used for wireless communication and other high-frequency electronics. A low-noise, stable power supply is important for RF circuits because power noise can affect signal quality and measurements.
- UART
- UART is a simple serial connection that sends data over separate transmit and receive wires, often labelled TX and RX. It matters because this module is designed to replace a wired UART cable with a wireless link while keeping the same serial data format.
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