Appendices

A. Arduino Command Reference

This section provides a quick overview of commonly used Arduino commands and their descriptions:

1. Setup and Loop:

   • void setup() { } - Runs once when the program starts.
   • void loop() { } - Runs repeatedly after setup().

2. Digital I/O:

   • pinMode(pin, mode) - Sets the mode of a pin (INPUT or OUTPUT).
   • digitalWrite(pin, value) - Writes a HIGH or LOW value to a pin.
   • digitalRead(pin) - Reads the value from a pin.

3. Analog I/O:

   • analogRead(pin) - Reads the value from an analog pin (0 to 1023).
   • analogWrite(pin, value) - Writes a PWM wave to a pin.

4. Timing:

   • delay(ms) - Pauses the program for a specified number of milliseconds.
   • millis() - Returns the number of milliseconds since the program started.

5. Serial Communication:

   • Serial.begin(baud_rate) - Starts serial communication.
   • Serial.print(data) and Serial.println(data) - Sends data to the serial port.
   • Serial.available() - Returns the number of bytes available to read.
   • Serial.read() - Reads incoming serial data.

B. Resources and Recommended Reading

1. Books:

   • "Arduino Workshop" by John Boxall
   • "Exploring Arduino" by Jeremy Blum
   • "Programming Arduino: Getting Started with Sketches" by Simon Monk

2. Online Platforms:

   • Arduino's Official Website
   • Adafruit Learning System
   • SparkFun Tutorials

3. Forums and Communities:

   • Arduino Forum
   • Stack Exchange for Arduino
   • ESP8266 Community Forum

C. Glossary of Terms

1. GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output): Pins on Arduino used for input or output operations.
2. PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation): A modulation technique to achieve analog results with digital means.
3. IDE (Integrated Development Environment): Software used to write, compile, and upload code. In this context, the Arduino IDE.
4. Sketch: A program written for Arduino.
5. Shield: A board that can be attached to an Arduino board to provide additional functionalities.
6. Baud Rate: The speed of data transfer in serial communication, measured in bits per second.
7. Pull-Up/Pull-Down Resistor: Resistors used to ensure that a wire is pulled to a consistent voltage in the absence of input.
8. Firmware: Software that provides low-level control for a device's specific hardware.

This appendices section serves as a quick reference guide, aiding in revisiting concepts, exploring further resources, and understanding common terms in the Arduino world.